Mobile Device Application Essay

Java ME, in particular MIDP and CLDC specifications and Mobile device hardware Java is also referred to as a programming environment oriented to the server and it is based on a number of technologies which constitutes the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE). Such technologies include servlets, JavaServer pages (JSPs), and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs). Nowadays, Java is officially known as Java 2 platform and it is divided into three distinct editions: Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE), Java 2 Standard Edition (J2SE), and Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME). Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) has three concepts, namely profiles, configurations, and optional packages. All of them determine Java features applicable, available application programming interfaces, and the form in which applications are packaged. J2ME has two configurations: Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) and Connected Device Configuration (CDC). CLDC is designed for mobile devices with slow processors (Enrique & Eric 2001 pp. 28- 45). There are two versions of CLDC: versions 1. 0 and 1. 1. CLDC specifies the ability of Java virtual machine, a small subset of J2SE 1. 3 classes, and a set of application programming interfaces for output/input which is also called Generic Connection Framework. However, CLDC is limiting programming platform as it does not specify the user interface classes. Hence, alternative classes that are defined by J2ME profile are required and such include MIDP to accomplish anything substantial. Java runtime environments for devices such as pagers, resource-challenged handheld devices, and cell phones is defined by Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP). MIDP target devices are characterized by ample memory to run its applications, bit-addressable display (96*56 pixels), touch screen, and two-way wireless enhanced networking. There exist two versions of MIDP which are defined by Java Community Process and include Java Specification Request 37 (MIDP 1. 0) and Java Specification Request 118 (MIDP 2. 0). Nevertheless, most of the devices in the market apply MIDP 1. Besides, MIDP 1 does not provide standards for interfacing to the phonebook in a device and synchronization of data. In particular, MIDP specifications are silent in one area: ‘how MIDP applications are loaded onto a device and how they are activated or deactivated’ (Enrique & Eric 2001 pp. 40-68). Record Management System and MIDlet methods Record management system is a key subsystem of the Mobile Information Device Profile and is an application programming interface. Besides, Record Management system provides a persistence on-device data. Therefore, Record Management System acts as the sole facility for storing data locally –record store. Reason being only a couple of mobile devices sustains a conventional system of files. The MIDP Record Management System facilitates a way in which application data is stored to ensure that it persists across MIDlet. Record Management System is a simp0le database with a row comprised of two columns. One is a unique row identifier while the other contains a sequence of bytes that represents record data. Record stores are identified by a special name which consists of 32 characters in every MIDlet suite. There are a number of MIDlets applicable in the record store. First, ReadWrite MIDlet is creates record store, write down records into persistent storage and reads them, and deletes the record store while exiting. This MIDlet has convenience methods which opens, closes, and deletes record stores. Secondly, IntegerSort MIDlet is used to retrieve records and sort them on basis of their integer value within each record. Nevertheless, its codes do not have a distinct difference from the previous MIDlets. The only additional features are ways of ‘extracting appropriate fields, real sorting, and the comparator image class’. Integer Class MIDlet establishes a sort order by different integers and every record passed through has various Java data. Lastly, is the StringSearch MIDlet which enables searching for records in the Record Management System and it also beefs-up the User Interface. In creating a UI, a text filed, form, and two commands are established. Upon activation, all tasks are executed within the CommandAction ( ) method. Consequently, upon request of CmFind command, SearchRecordstore ( ) initiates searching and it involves assigning SearchFilter ( ) class instance which associates it with record enumeration object Enrique & Eric 2001). Sprites basics (Image Sets and Tools Class) and package classes (Graphics class) Spites basics animation in Java can be written in frame animation, sprite animation, and/or both of the two. Mostly, these are used to write mobile enabled application games. There are a number of classes which are important to learn in order to understand Java programming and in particular the sprite animation. These include the Toolkit, Image, Graphics, Random, and Media Tracker. Image class is regarded as the super class when compared with the others and it represents graphical images. Besides, images have to be obtained in a platform specific manner (Richard, 2001). The fact that image is an abstract class makes it impossible to instantiate objects in this class, and besides objects of type image are obtained by applying a roundabout approach. Hence, it makes use of tool kit class. In regard to tool toolkit class, it is probable access system-dependent resources by making use of system their unique codes. In the Graphics class [cite page 8] there are two variables but of particular importance is the Graphics reference type as shown below. Figure 1. The Graphics class. private Graphics offScreenGraphicsCtx; private Thread animationThread; Listing 2 Note: Richard, GB, 2001, Fun with Java: Sprite Animation, Part 1 It refers to an object that serves as an off-screen graphics context and ‘is an area of memory that serves as a stand-in for the computer screen’. It facilitates to rapidly blast pictures from the off-screen Graphics context onto the actual computer screen. As this process does not interfere with the visible image when creating pictures, it renders a ‘smoother animation which can be achieved by creating and drawing the pictures directly on the computer screen’. Thus, it does away with possible distractions and flashing. Graphics class makes provisions for methods which can be applied to draw pictures on a graphics context (Richard, 2001). Development environments for the Windows phone, the Apple iPhone, the Google Android platforms and Location Based Services (LBC). Mobile application development involves a process in which in-built and downloaded applications are developed for hand-held devices suh as cell phones and personal digital assistants. The windows mobile development requires C/ C++ programming language. Visual Studio is nevertheless the most reliable development environment for creating testing, and deploying applications in the Microsoft Windows platform. Besides, this Visual Studio facilitates ample support for the development of Windows Mobile applications. To develop mobile applications, Visual Studio 2005 Edition and Visual Studio Professional Edition are required. Mobile Software Development Kits are freely available but they are dependent on device format and platform. Besides, these Software Development Kits are unique for every every family of Windows Mobile Phone (Enrique & Eric 2001). Google Android is an operating system that serves as a platform for mobile applications. The necessary programming language for Android is Java although it is important for the developer to be knowledgeable in XML. In addition one requires Eclipse IDE and to work in Microsoft Windows, Mac OSX, or Linux environments. Android Software Development Kit comprises of: Developer tools such Android Asset Packaging Tool, Android Debug Bridge, Dalvik Debug Monitor Service; Emulator and system images that represents Android operating system; Documentation Sample Code that contains API programming guidelines; Integrated Development environment Support which uses Eclipse IDE as it has special plug-ins (Android Development Tool –speeds up testing process, enables User Interface, application description, and graphical representations). Location Based Services offers mobile phone users a personalized service in order to establish their current physical location. Location API for J2ME (JSR179) is a generic API used to develop Location Based Services. J2ME Location API specification identifies javax. microedition. location which is a discretionary package that facilitates software developers to write wireless Local Based applications for resource-limited mobile devices. JSR179 entails Connected Device Configuration or CLDC version 1. 1 and the type of hardware platform determines applicable location methods (Enrique & Eric 2001 PP. 20-39). To develop operating system for iphone, one requires working on a Mac OSX computer that runs X code tools. X code is suite that provides support for project management, building executables, code editing, source-level debugging, and performance tuning others. X-code application provides the foundation source-code development environment and besides x-code is the only probable tool to use in creating iphone applications. As mentioned earlier, iphone Software Development Kit runs only on Mac environment that have installed Intel processors (Enrique & Eric 2001 PP. 40-50). Bibliography Enrique, O & Eric, G 2001, Mobile information device profile for Java 2 micro edition: The ultimate guide to creating applications for wireless devices, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Richard, GB, 2001, Fun with Java: Sprite Animation, Part 1, viewed 17 May 2010,

Manage Your Health Inc - Work Breakdown Structure Case Study

Manage Your Health Inc - Work Breakdown Structure - Case Study Example This is a project that aims at applying various concepts that one has learned in the course of study. I have considered various, several methods when selecting this project to ensure that it is sufficient and reliable. One criterion that has enabled led to a selection of this project is the financial analysis of various projects. One must consider the one that is most beneficial and valuable. Project scope management has also been tremendously useful in its development. The weighted scoring model presents the weighted scores that each project earns when implemented using various different criteria. There are several criteria Manage Your Health can use in implementation and running of the projects. The company has emerged with the desired results by adopting the average weighted score that each project makes by taking the average score. This will ensure that the company adopts a reasonable project that will derive high benefits for the company. Analysis of this project clearly indicates that the company can reduce its operating costs, increase its cross-selling of product, and advance new web-based technologies. The project is, therefore, viable to implement since it will ensure that the organization derives reasonable benefits from it. The company can achieve this with the introduction of this project that will ensure that it will improve its interaction with customers and employees and thus achieve exemplary results. The project demands cooperation from workers and administration for it to be successful. Health Coverage Costs Business Model project emerges as the best project that the management should consider implementing. This is because it registers the highest weighted project score of 76.1. The project, therefore, emerges as the best the company should consider implementing to ensure that the organization meets the given targets. Despite the efforts of the company in changing insurance carriers several times, health care premiums continue to increase.     

Survey Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Survey Description - Essay Example The demographic questions only focused on the gender and educational level of the participants. The informational questions focused on getting participants opinion on what their thought was about their major, their satisfaction level of the major they are undertaking and whether it was easy for the members to choose their major. For example, the last informational question ask the students whether the preparatory year in college can help a student in selecting the major to pursue. The survey was conducted through writing questionnaires and sending them to students and faculty at English Language Center, using the well-known survey website Survey Monkey. The small number of questions encouraged the students to take part in the survey since it did not consume a lot of their time. There was a total of 16 students taking part with a majority, 14, being female, and only two male students participated in the survey. From the survey 6 were graduate students, 4 were undergraduate and the remaining 6 specified other as their educational level. The major finding from the survey are as follows: Many people start thinking about the major they are going to take at elementary school level. A majority of the student, 71.43%, are satisfied with the major they are taking. Almost half of the participants believe that preparatory year sometimes helps a student choose a

Case Study in Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Case Study in Human resource management - Essay Example This is why human resources should not be treated like physical, financial and technological resources. Every worker has needs, aspirations and expectations which he likes to be fulfilled at the place of work. It is the duty of management to provide opportunities to the workers to satisfy their needs and aspirations. The worker does not merely sell his services. He is a human being and wants good human relations at the work place where he spends between seven to eight hours every day. Good human relations are not created automatically. Deliberate efforts are required by the management to build and maintain good relations in industry. â€Å"Management must recognize the right of expression of the workers and give them adequate opportunity to have a say in the management of affairs, directly affecting their lives.† (Dr. Balu, V. R. 2002. (P.1-2, 5-10, 343, 346)). Thus, management of personnel or human resources encompasses not only the process of employment, training and development, communication, appraisal etc., but also achieving good industrial relations, which is a pre-requi site to sustain, which are higher productivity. Here, Grimshawls Quality Textiles, the clothing company has a reasonable reputation as a local employer. Their rates of pay are good for the area and they maintain an unproblematic industrial relations record through a most scientific and modern HRM practices because all these issues have to do with personal and industrial relations. In the textile company, the affairs were managed by the Managing Director and his Personal Assistant. The PA keeps the personal records of all employees in the company and the MD has published a number of personal policies to cover absence, discipline and regulation in the workplace. â€Å"The employees work behaviour, to great extent, will be affected by the work environment and the working conditions, such as working environment of

Evolution of colouration in bird eggs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Evolution of colouration in bird eggs - Essay Example One key fact states that the more diversified a population becomes, the more likely it is to survive as a species. This increases its ability to occupy more territory and gain access to more sustenance, or to spread itself out and become more inconspicuous among predators. Several species of birds demonstrate this type of variation at the embryonic stage. The eggs they lay are coloured or spotted in particular ways, the complete reasons for which have been somewhat elusive to researchers for some time. In fact, birds are the only species that produce pigmented egg shells (Gosler, et al. 2005, p. 1105), and this leads scientists to believe that the pigmentation serves a discoverable purpose. Such reasons as crypsis and the prevention of parasites have been hypothesised. Other hypotheses have been based on sexual selection or on the chemical structure of the eggshell and its influence on eggshell fragility and vulnerability. Hybridization has also been suggested as a factor that influe nces egg colour. These hypotheses, though varied, have important implications on the evolution of the bird shells and can give insight into the reasons for the various pigmentations that birds' eggs carry. Safety is a very important issue for birds when it is noted that their eggs are prone to different forms of predation and parasitism. Two types of brood parasitism exist. Conspecific brood parasitism occurs when birds of similar species place their foreign eggs into the nest of a host. Interspecific brood parasitism occurs when birds of other species infiltrate the nest and place their own eggs in the clutch. This can be very dangerous to the existence of a particular avian species, since the some parasites are known to be vicious and ruthless. The most notorious of these parasites are cuckoos, and their parasitism is dangerous as they often hatch before the genuine brood and expel authentic eggs from the nest, terminating that attempt of the species to reproduce. This is truer of some species than of other, depending on the type of predation suffered by each. The great tit (Parus major), for example, does not expel parasites from its nest, and this appears to be contingent on the fact that it is not a host to the European cuckoo parasite (Gosler, Higham and Reynolds, 2005. p. 1105-6). Village weavers, on the other hand, do remove foreign eggs from their nests, and have therefore to learn the appearance of their eggs (Collias, 1993, p. 684). The implication of this fact is that the weaver eggs must have progressively developed a distinctive appearance in order to facilitate recognition. It has been observed that West African village weavers' spotted eggs have noticeable intraspecific differences, and hypotheses have been formed concerning the reasons for this. The first spots on eggs might have been achieve by one incidence of genetic mutation in the species, but this kind of spotting in weavers is now commonplace. Relying on the reasoning of the previous paragraph, it was predicted that within the weavers' clutches the diversity of colouration would be minimised in the absence of interspecific parasites and maximised in their presence. Researcher David Lahti found opportunity for an experiment involving these West African weavers in the fact that the species had

The Anti-Federalists Objections to the Constitution Essay

The Anti-Federalists Objections to the Constitution - Essay Example The Anti-federalists believed that the power of the government should be concentrated in the legislature since it was the most democratic branch. They maintained that such a government offered the United States citizens the best protection for their essential rights. The Anti-federalist argued that the only way to ensure there existed democracy was through the allocation of power through particular texts. Therefore, they feared that the constitution that was being endorsed by the federalists delegated excess powers to the central government instead of these powers going to the states. They also pointed out that there was allocation of more authority to the judiciary and executive at the expense of the congress. It was explicitly clear in their minds that the federalists and their supporters were threatening the freedoms that Americans had defended against the Britain. Brutus incorporated these ideas into his attack against the proposed constitution. He suggests that a large republic would not succeed in a large country like the United States since it comprises of citizens who are diverse in many ways. According to him, such diversity would interfere with the operations and smooth running of the central government since many opinions and ideas would clash. Brutus believes that a republic can work in a small society like a state (Storing 37). Brutus also argued that the liberties of the US citizens were in danger since the federal government was being given a lot of powers that can be misused for personal gains. He gave examples of Britain and Rome where power had been misused and advised Americans not to follow the same trend. The freedom of the commonwealth was denied and their constitution overturned by their strong army which had been given powers. Julius Cesar who was appointed to lead the command capitalized on the loopholes in the constitution and changed it from a free republic into despotism. He also pointed out that the fear from a large standing army w as that the rulers may use them to promote their personal ambitions. They could also overturn the governments’ constitutional powers and gain their own powers to enable them dictate the US people. Brutus and other Anti-federalists advocates looked at themselves as the defenders of a self government that was going to offer outstanding leadership to the people of America. They supported leadership in small republics or the states with the rulers accessing limited powers that can not be misused. By giving examples of Rome and Britain where power had been misused, Brutus wanted the Federalists to learn from other countries and make adequate changes to the constitution. James Madison opposed the objections from the Anti-federalists by arguing that the government had to be designed to stop the politicians and the people from using it for their own selfish gains. He had contributed immensely to the constitution and this is why he countered the objections from the Anti-federalists st rongly. Among the many common features in the constitution was the idea of a balanced government system where the national authority was limited and reserving definite powers to the people through the local government. Madison also made other key contributions to the constitution such as the creation of a national legislature and the national chief executive. His strongest argument in support for the constitution was that, it had come up with a strong government capable of controlling the

Nation and Imperialism Essay Example for Free

Nation and Imperialism Essay Imperialism was a very effective form of empowerment over weaker nations for early Britain and other European countries. They dominated and fought over whole continents and countries, arguing over who had conquered more land. There were many reasons why the European’s wanted to imperialize unindustrialized nations such as natural resources. This also made a big impact on said nations, positive and negative. Going on that state of mind, the long term effects of imperialism showed for decades after it really being assumed not an imperialistic state anymore. Some of the reasons the Europeans’ sought out to imperialism is because of social Darwinism, raw materials and natural resources, and prestige. Social Darwinism, the theory of survival of the fittest, was their justification for conquering weaker countries, if the country could fend off invaders then it shall be considered conquered. Raw materials and natural resources were of big importance to the Europeans. Diamonds and other precious assets that could not be found in Europe were found in the countries and could be used for trade, making the economy better. Prestige was also a major influence for imperialistic Europe. If one country had more than another then that country had to conquer more. It was all like a big game to the Europeans, until the natives of the country fought back. Then it was all a strategically thought out counter attack. The impact this made on the conquered was quite noticeable and apparent; both good and bad. A positive effect is the Europeans built them roads, canals, and railways. Showed them the telegraph, newspaper, established schools for them, gave them the blessing of their civilization, and overall made them economized. They were part of modern culture after this occurred. There were new crops; tools and farming methods, which helped increase food production. These changes meant less death to smaller colonies, and overall improve the state of living. A negative effect is the people of the dominated nations were put to work as cheap labor. They had no freedom, had to do what the mother country said since it has so much towering power over them, they were exploited and were taken advantage of. As a result, there were long term effects. The most obvious one would be the formation of nationalism. Imperialism essentially created nationalism. People of different countries under imperialism were  united because of single governmental system, one national language, development of roads, rails, common defense systems, and an unified education system; thus, making people more aware of their identity and rights; eventually leading to independence of their governing countries. The era of imperialism gave birth to new modern world. Aside from their own languages, people of different nations under imperialism also learned the language of the imperialists and started go to diverse places and establishing new links through learning and education of their conquerors. So in conclusion, imperialism had many advantages and disadvantages making it very successful for all involved. The Europeans had reasons and means to imperialize nations, made impacts, and then long term effects which in turn made each country either thrive or perish. The other nations gained economic, social, and political wealth.